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This history of three powerful family firms located in different European countries takes place over a period of more than two hundred years. The interplay and the changing social and legal arrangements of the families shaped the development of a European capitalism quite different from the Anglo-American variety. Qualifying claims by Alfred Chandler and David Landes that family firms tend to be dysfunctional, Harold James shows how and why these steel and engineering firms were successful over long periods of time. Indeed, he sees the family enterprise as particularly conducive to managing risk during periods of upheaval and uncertainty when both states and markets are disturbed. He also identifies the key roles played by women executives during such times. In Family Capitalism, James tells how "iron masters" of a classical industrial cast were succeeded by new generations who wanted to shift to information-age systems technologies, and how families and firms wrestled with social and economic changes that occasionally tore them apart. Finally, the author shows how the trajectories of the firms were influenced by political, military, economic, and social events and how these firms illuminate a European model of "relationship capitalism."

Family-owned business enterprises --- Entreprises familiales --- History. --- Histoire --- 338 <09> <4> --- 658.114(09) --- 622 --- 691.714 --- Economische geschiedenis--Europa --- Forms of enterprise in general. Private businesses--Geschiedenis van ... --- Mining --- Steel --- 691.714 Steel --- 622 Mining --- 658.114(09) Forms of enterprise in general. Private businesses--Geschiedenis van ... --- 338 <09> <4> Economische geschiedenis--Europa --- Case studies. --- Etudes de cas --- Business enterprises, Family-owned --- Family business --- Family businesses --- Family enterprises --- Family firms --- Business enterprises --- History --- Forms of enterprise in general. Private businesses--Geschiedenis van .. --- E-books --- Histoire. --- Etudes de cas. --- 622 Mijnbouw --- Mijnbouw

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BBased on the Institute of Concrete Technology's advanced course, the Advanced Concrete Technology series is a comprehensive educational and reference resource for the concrete materials technologist. An expert international team of authors from research, academia, and industry have come together to produce this unique reference source.This first volume deals with the constituent materials of concrete. With worked examples, case studies and illustrations throughout, the book will be a key reference for the concrete specialist for years to come.* Expert international auth

Concrete construction. --- Concrete. --- cement --- aluminiumcement --- toeslagmateriaal --- aggregaat --- puzzolaan --- silica fume (microsilica) --- betoneigenschap --- 666.94 --- 691.32 --- 691.32 Concrete. Concrete buiding elements --- Concrete. Concrete buiding elements --- 666.94 Cement industry --- Cement industry --- (zie ook: mineraal aggregaat) --- betonproef --- kwaliteitszorg beton --- reparatie beton (betonreparatie) --- sterkteanalyse --- verhardend beton --- vers beton --- (zie ook: jong beton) --- bedrijfsvloer --- bekisting --- betonweg --- cementgebonden gietvloer --- coaten --- gerecycleerd beton (recyclagebeton) --- gewapend beton --- glasvezelversterkt beton --- grouten --- hittebestendig beton --- hoge sterktebeton --- lichtgewichtbeton --- mortel --- onderwaterbeton --- pompbeton --- readymix beton --- spuitbeton --- stortklaar beton --- voorgespannen beton --- voorgestort beton --- zelfverdichtend beton (scc) --- (zie ook: oppervlaktebehandeling) --- (zie ook: bhs) --- (zie ook: hsb) --- (zie ook: betonverdichting) --- (zie ook: verdichten) --- alkali-silicareactie --- corrosie --- duurzaam beton --- elasticiteit --- krimp (betonkrimp) --- kruip --- scheur --- verhard beton --- verhardingsproces --- warmscheuren --- (zie ook: ASR) --- Materials Science --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Concrete --- Concrete construction

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This is a comprehensive review of evidence on the effect of minimum wages on employment, skills, wage and income distributions, and longer-term labour market outcomes, and concludes that the minimum wage is not a good policy tool. Minimum wages exist in more than one hundred countries, both industrialized and developing. The United States passed a federal minimum wage law in 1938 and has increased the minimum wage and its coverage at irregular intervals ever since; in addition, as of the beginning of 2008, thirty-two states and the District of Columbia had established a minimum wage higher than the federal level, and numerous other local jurisdictions had in place "living wage" laws. Over the years, the minimum wage has been popular with the public, controversial in the political arena, and the subject of vigorous debate among economists over its costs and benefits. In this book, David Neumark and William Wascher offer a comprehensive overview of the evidence on the economic effects of minimum wages. Synthesizing nearly two decades of their own research and reviewing other research that touches on the same questions, Neumark and Wascher discuss the effects of minimum wages on employment and hours, the acquisition of skills, the wage and income distributions, longer-term labor market outcomes, prices, and the aggregate economy. Arguing that the usual focus on employment effects is too limiting, they present a broader, empirically based inquiry that will better inform policymakers about the costs and benefits of the minimum wage. Based on their comprehensive reading of the evidence, Neumark and Wascher argue that minimum wages do not achieve the main goals set forth by their supporters. They reduce employment opportunities for less-skilled workers and tend to reduce their earnings; they are not an effective means of reducing poverty; and they appear to have adverse longer-term effects on wages and earnings, in part by reducing the acquisition of human capital. The authors argue that policymakers should instead look for other tools to raise the wages of low-skill workers and to provide poor families with an acceptable standard of living.

Minimum wage --- Income distribution --- Labor supply --- Minimum wage. --- Salaires minimums --- 332.224 --- -Minimum wage --- 331.230973 --- Minimum wages --- Living wage movement --- Minimumlonen. --- Economic Conditions --- Wages --- 332.10 --- 332.691 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Betrekkingen tussen werkgevers en werknemers. Organisatie van de arbeidsverhoudingen in de industrie: algemeenheden --- Minimumlonen --- Evolutie van de arbeidsmarkt --- Betrekkingen tussen werkgevers en werknemers. Organisatie van de arbeidsverhoudingen in de industrie: algemeenheden. --- E-books --- Revenu --- Marché du travail --- Salaire minimum --- Répartition --- ECONOMICS/Labor Studies --- Minimum wage - United States --- Income distribution - United States --- Labor supply - United States

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Full employment policies --- Unemploment --- Politique de plein emploi --- Case studies --- Cas, Etudes de --- Unemployment --- Case studies. --- EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- CH / Switzerland - Zwitserland - Suisse --- DE / Germany - Duitsland - Allemagne --- DK / Denmark - Denemarken - Danemark --- ES / Spain - Spanje - Espagne --- FR / France - Frankrijk --- GB / United Kingdom - Verenigd Koninkrijk - Royaume Uni --- IT / Italy - Italië - Italie --- NO / Norway - Noorwegen - Norvège --- 332.691 --- 332.630 --- 334.151.54 --- 332.620 --- Evolutie van de arbeidsmarkt. --- Strijd tegen de werkloosheid: algemeen. Theorie en beleid van de werkgelegenheid. Volledige werkgelegenheid. --- Werkgelegenheid en werkloosheid in de Europese Gemeenschappen. --- Werkloosheid: algemeenheden. Philipscurve. --- Law --- General and Others --- Labor & Workers' Economics --- Business & Economics --- Joblessness --- Employment (Economic theory) --- Labor supply --- Manpower policy --- Right to labor --- Underemployment --- Economic policy --- Employment stabilization --- Europe --- Werkloosheid: algemeenheden. Philipscurve --- Strijd tegen de werkloosheid: algemeen. Theorie en beleid van de werkgelegenheid. Volledige werkgelegenheid --- Evolutie van de arbeidsmarkt --- Werkgelegenheid en werkloosheid in de Europese Gemeenschappen --- Full employment policies - Europe - Case studies. --- Unemployment - Europe - Case studies.

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Europe's mass unemployment and the call for extensive labour market de-regulation have, perhaps more than any other contemporary issue, impassioned political debate and academic research. With contributions from economists, political scientists and sociologists, Why Deregulate Labour Markets? takes a hard look at the empirical connections between unemployment and regulation in Europe today, utilizing both in-depth nation analyses and broader-based international comparisons.The book demonstrates that Europe's mass unemployment cannot be directly ascribed to excessive worker protection. Labour m

Labor market --- Unemployment --- Labor laws and legislation --- Marché du travail --- Chômage --- Travail --- Case studies --- Cas, Etudes de --- Droit --- Etude de cas --- AA / International- internationaal --- 332.691 --- 334.151.50 --- 332.630 --- 332.620 --- Evolutie van de arbeidsmarkt. --- Sociaal beleid : algemeenheden. --- Strijd tegen de werkloosheid: algemeen. Theorie en beleid van de werkgelegenheid. Volledige werkgelegenheid. --- Werkloosheid: algemeenheden. Philipscurve. --- Marché du travail --- Chômage --- E-books --- Joblessness --- Employment (Economic theory) --- Full employment policies --- Labor supply --- Manpower policy --- Right to labor --- Underemployment --- Employees --- Market, Labor --- Supply and demand for labor --- Markets --- Employment law --- Industrial relations --- Labor law --- Labor standards (Labor law) --- Work --- Working class --- Industrial laws and legislation --- Social legislation --- Supply and demand --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Law and legislation --- Werkloosheid: algemeenheden. Philipscurve --- Strijd tegen de werkloosheid: algemeen. Theorie en beleid van de werkgelegenheid. Volledige werkgelegenheid --- Evolutie van de arbeidsmarkt --- Sociaal beleid : algemeenheden --- Case studies. --- Labor market - Europe - Case studies --- Unemployment - Europe - Case studies --- Labor laws and legislation - Europe - Case studies